During the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century, Poblenou was the epicenter of Spanish industry, earning it its sobriquet of the Catalonian Manchester. Surrounding the extensive cluster of factories stood mostly working class residential areas. After a period of decay, the neighborhood has undergone a dramatic transformation. Many of the areas that have been developed—including the Vila Olímpica, the Diagonal Mar area, and the Forum area—arguably comprise their own neighborhoods. Completing its original, unfinished plan, The Avinguda Diagonal now stretches from Plaça de Gloriès to the sea. The massive 22@ plan sets to convert Poblenou into the city's technological and innovation district, as well as to increase leasure and residential spaces. Much of Barcelona's world-renowned urban planning manifests itself in Poblenou.

Alongside the newly-built, upscale Vila Olímpica and Diagonal Mar areas, many artists and young professionals have converted the former factories and warehouses into lofts, galleries, and shops. Art & Design schools and studios have also opened, making the area known for its creative outlook. The leafy Rambla de Poble Nou, which stretches from Avinguda Diagonal to the beach, is an alternative to Barcelona's more well-known (and touristed) Rambla